Smoking and uveitis: a hidden but preventable risk

A systematic review and meta-analysis showed that smoking nearly doubles the risk of developing uveitis, an inflammatory eye disease that can lead to visual impairment. The study analyzed data from more than 5,800 individuals and identified smoking as a significant and modifiable risk factor. Former smokers also remained at increased risk, suggesting long-lasting effects of tobacco exposure.

Researchers highlight that cigarette smoke promotes oxidative stress, immune dysregulation, and inflammation in ocular tissues. Emerging evidence also suggests that vaping and e-cigarette use may contribute to ocular inflammation and related symptoms.

Beyond increasing disease risk, smoking may reduce the effectiveness of treatments such as corticosteroids and biologic therapies, potentially leading to a more severe disease course. The authors emphasize that smoking cessation should become a routine part of uveitis care and prevention strategies.

The findings underline an important message: addressing modifiable lifestyle factors may improve both eye health and overall treatment outcomes.